Mongolia News Summary for July 23, 2025

The following news articles are the opinions of their authors and publications. They are presented here as translations for informational purposes and do not necessarily represent the opinion of MongolBeat or its members.

Today's Stories

Politics

• Member of Parliament O.Batnairamdal Studies Democracy and Law at Stanford University
• Prosecutors Submit Request to Continue Detention of Temuulen Erdenebat and Sanjaachoypel Tserenpuntsag

Economy

• 8.2% Inflation in the First Half of 2025: Which Prices Increased the Most?
• Total Tax Revenue for the First Half of 2025 Fell by ₮1.1 Trillion to ₮12.2 Trillion Compared to the Same Period Last Year
• Millennium Challenge Account Mongolia: Consultancy Services Announcement
• Exports Decrease by $1.3 Billion Due to Decline in Coal, Washed Cashmere and Other Products
• The Impact of Tariffs: The Decline in the Copper Market
• Coal Exports Decrease by 43 Percent, Copper Concentrate Exports Increase by 61.7 Percent
• TODAY: Presentation of Mongolia's Social and Economic Indicators
• NSO: 94.7 Percent of Exports Accounted for by Mining Sector
• Export Revenue Losses of $350-400 Million Annually Due to Public Holidays
• Erdenes Tavan Tolgoi LLC Meets with Representatives of China Energy Group on Increasing Coal Transportation
• The Government Will Borrow 9 Billion MNT from Domestic Investors
• Over 150 Enterprises Participated in the Mongolia-Kyrgyzstan Business Forum
• Economic Forum Overcome by Promises and Applause, Losing Its Significance
• Mongolian Bankers Association: Invitation for Selection
• Women Sewers in Govi-Altai Province Begin Exporting Their Products
• IMPORT: In the First Half of 2025, Mongolians Spent 207.6 Million USD on Passenger Cars
• The Requests and Pleas of the Private Sector
• Are you looking for an office in the city center?

Diplomacy

• Official Talks Held Between the Presidents of Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan
• A. Batsetseg: The Legal Basis for Expanding Long-Term Cooperation in All Sectors with Kyrgyzstan Has Been Established
• TUV: Representatives of Tottori Prefecture Friendship Association Working in Tuv Province

Infrastructure

• A Joint General Education School will be Built in Mongolia with Kyrgyz Investment
• KHÖVSGÖL: To Collaborate with Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea in the Field of Renewable Energy
• A Hearing Regarding the Khazlan Buregtei Deposit in Myangad Soum, Khovd Province, to be Held on September 23
• General Oversight Hearing on Khalkhan Buregtei Deposit to be Held
• Closure and Renovation of Roads from Sansar Gas Station Intersection to Khailaast-Gants Khudag Intersection

Society

• The Number of South Korean Tourists Visiting Mongolia in the First Half of 2025 Increased by 13,200 Compared to the Same Period of Last Year
• Statistician: As of 2025, Over 100,000 Chinese Tourists Have Arrived
• “Congratulations, you have won. To claim your prize, please transfer a 2% tax or commission” - new wave of online fraud schemes
• 567 People Have Died Due to Crime Since the Start of the Year

Environment

• Firefighting Efforts Ongoing for 16 Wildfires in Selenge and Khentii Provinces

Innovation

• Blood Transported Between Hospitals by Drone in 7-10 Minutes

Health

• 85 Violations of Chemical Hazard Regulations Reported
• UN: Number of Drug Users in Mongolia to Increase by 43% by 2030

Sports

• 56 Volunteers to Serve at the Ulaanbaatar "Grand Slam"

Arts

• Report: Number of Domestic and Foreign Visitors to Museums Continues to Increase

Politics

Member of Parliament O.Batnairamdal Studies Democracy and Law at Stanford University

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: gogo.mn

During the break of the autumn session of the State Great Khural (Parliament), Member of Parliament O. Batnairamdal has traveled to the United States to work as a visiting researcher in the field of democracy and law at Stanford University.

He will study for three weeks as a summer visiting researcher at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law at Stanford University in California, USA.

Here, he will have the opportunity to be taught by world-leading expert instructors in democracy and law, and together with representatives from more than 30 countries, will attend classes about the issues and solutions currently facing this field worldwide.

O. Batnairamdal has announced on his social media that he will be sharing the new knowledge and information he learns every day.

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Prosecutors Submit Request to Continue Detention of Temuulen Erdenebat and Sanjaachoypel Tserenpuntsag

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: ikon.mn

Temuulen Erdenebat, son of the head of "Erel," and Sanjaachoypel Tserenpuntsag, son of former parliament member Tserenpuntsag, have been detained for 48 hours following an incident on the night of June 18-19 at the Children's 100 area, where they allegedly assaulted a person.

The Prosecutor's Office of the Capital City investigated the case under the charge that Temuulen Erdenebat and Sanjaachoypel Tserenpuntsag, as a group, assaulted and caused injury to victim D.S. by punching him in the face and kicking him, among other actions. Based on evidence gathered during the investigation and registration of the case, the court determined there is sufficient reason to consider the suspects as having committed the crime and detained Temuulen Erdenebat and Sanjaachoypel Tserenpuntsag as suspects for 48 hours.

The detention period for the suspects ends today at 22:00. The Capital City Prosecutor's Office has submitted a request to the district court for simplified civil and criminal cases to extend their detention. Preparations are underway for the hearing to discuss the prosecutor's request, according to information provided by the district court for simplified civil and criminal cases.

Note: Media organizations (TV, radio, social and web pages) are prohibited from using our information in whole or in part in any form. Usage is only permitted with negotiation and by citing the source (ikon.mn).

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Economy

8.2% Inflation in the First Half of 2025: Which Prices Increased the Most?

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: ikon.mn

The National Statistics Committee of Mongolia released the social and economic indicators for the first half of 2025. As of June 2025, inflation, or the increase in the prices of goods and services, rose by 8.2% compared to the previous year. This means that goods you could have bought for 100,000₮ one year ago now cost 108,200₮.

Specifically, the price of goods increased by 5.4% annually, while the price of services rose by 16.9%.

Which prices increased the most?

• Housing, water, electricity, and fuel increased by 21.0%.
  The prices of rent, utilities, and fuel went up.
• Educational services rose by 18.2%.
  Tuition fees and school expenses surged sharply.
• Insurance and financial services increased by 15.3%.
• Hotels, restaurants, and lodging increased by 12.1%.
• Other goods and services grew by 10.7%.
  This includes small consumer goods, cosmetics, and personal services.
• Clothing, textiles, and shoes increased by 9.1%.
• Food and beverages rose by 5.6%.
  Although these have risen slightly since last year, they still have a significant impact.
• Transportation services increased by 4.3%.
  Transportation costs are also gradually increasing.
• Alcoholic beverages and tobacco grew by 3.7%.

The prices of communication and postal services have not changed, making them the only stable sector.

For example, if your monthly rent was 800,000₮ just over a year ago, it may now be around 865,600₮ due to this inflation. If your tuition fee was 2 million ₮, it could now be about 2,164,000₮. Due to price inflation and other factors, it might be even higher. Prices for services such as rent, education, hotels, and financial services are increasing more rapidly. Some goods, however, have stable or only slightly risen prices. These increases significantly affect daily expenses, so it is important to carefully manage one’s income and spending.

Warning: Media organizations (TV, radio, social, and web pages) are prohibited from using our information in any form, fully or partially, unless agreed upon, and in such cases, the source (ikon.mn) must be cited.

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Total Tax Revenue for the First Half of 2025 Fell by ₮1.1 Trillion to ₮12.2 Trillion Compared to the Same Period Last Year

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: ikon.mn

The National Statistics Office of Mongolia today announced the country's social and economic indicators for the first half of 2025.

According to preliminary data, total revenue and aid in the consolidated state budget reached ₮14 trillion in the first half of 2025, a decrease of ₮914.4 billion (6.1%) compared to the same period of the previous year. The adjusted revenue and aid amounted to ₮13.2 trillion, which is ₮983.3 billion (6.9%) less than the previous year. Total expenditure and net repayable loans reached ₮14 trillion in the first half of 2025, resulting in a fiscal deficit of ₮758.0 billion.

STATE CONSOLIDATED BUDGET REVENUE, EXPENDITURE, AND BALANCE
Total tax revenue for the first half of 2025 was ₮12.2 trillion, which is a decrease of ₮1.1 trillion (8.4%) compared to the same period of the previous year. This was mainly due to a decrease of ₮524.7 billion (12.3%) from income taxes and a drop of ₮1.3 trillion (61.7%) from mineral resource usage fees. However, social insurance revenue increased by ₮463.1 billion (22.0%), external operations revenue by ₮87.6 billion (10.8%), excise tax by ₮37.6 billion (7.3%), and value-added tax by ₮107.0 billion (3.9%).

In the first half of 2025, income tax accounted for 30.8% of total tax revenue, value-added tax for 23.7%, social insurance revenue for 21.1%, external operations revenue for 7.4%, excise tax for 4.5%, and other taxes, fees, and charges made up 12.5%.

For income tax revenue, 65.1% came from Corporate Income Tax and 34.9% (net of refunds) came from Personal Income Tax.

Government consolidated budget expenditure and net repayable loans reached ₮14 trillion in the first half of 2025, increasing by ₮1.1 trillion (8.2%) compared to the same period the previous year. The rise in expenditures was mainly due to increases in goods and services expenditure by ₮828.3 billion (19.5%) and current transfers by ₮764.4 billion (14.8%). In contrast, capital expenditure decreased by ₮542.0 billion (23.6%).

In the first half of 2025, current transfers accounted for 42.6% of total expenditure, goods and services expenditure for 36.4%, capital expenditure for 12.6%, interest expenses for 5.3%, and subsidies for 3.1%.

Notice: Media organizations (TV, radio, social media and websites) are prohibited from using this information either fully or partially in any form except with permission, and must cite ikon.mn as the source if agreed.

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Millennium Challenge Account Mongolia: Consultancy Services Announcement

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: ikon.mn

Millennium Challenge Account Mongolia: Announcement Regarding Consultancy Services

Consultancy services for organizing the performance evaluation of MCA Mongolia staff
Contract number: MCA-M/Proc/126
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

The Government of Mongolia (the “Government”) and the United States’ Millennium Challenge Corporation (“MCC”) signed a Millennium Challenge Compact agreement on July 27, 2018, to provide a total of USD 350 million in grant assistance to reduce poverty by promoting economic growth. The Government, through the Millennium Challenge Account – Mongolia (“MCA Mongolia”), intends to allocate a certain portion of the Compact funding to finance the consultancy contract associated with this announcement. MCA Mongolia will fully comply with all restrictions and requirements specified in the Compact agreement and related documents regarding the use and allocation of Compact funding. No party other than the Government and MCA Mongolia may exercise any rights granted by the Compact or spend its investment funding. The Compact and related documents are available at the MCC website (www.mcc.gov) and the MCA Mongolia website (https://mca-mongolia.gov.mn/).

The Compact program investment is financing the Water Supply Increase Program to meet the growing water demand of Ulaanbaatar. Within this program, three interrelated projects and activities are being implemented:

1. Constructing new western groundwater sources along with associated infrastructure, reservoirs, and an Advanced Water Purification Plant;
2. Establishing a wastewater recycling operation and facility to treat and reuse wastewater from the new Central Wastewater Treatment Plant along with necessary infrastructure;
3. Strengthening the water sector's sustainability by supporting updates to policies, laws, and regulations ensuring the long-term security of Ulaanbaatar’s water supply, and improving institutional capacity.

MCA Mongolia invites all eligible parties that meet the requirements specified in the qualification information submission document to participate in the tender process for consultancy services to organize the performance evaluation of MCA Mongolia staff. Further details are provided in the Terms of Reference within the qualification information submission document.

The consulting firm will be selected using the Consultants’ Qualification Selection method as specified in the MCC Procurement Policy and Guidelines available on the MCC website (https://www.mcc.gov). This invitation is open to any qualified consulting firm as described in the tender documentation.

Interested parties wishing to participate in the tender should send an email with their contact information and the subject line “Request for RQI for CS for Performance Evaluation MCA Mongolia staff members” to PA-Mongolia@charleskendall.com, with a copy to procurement@mca-mongolia.gov.mn, to receive the link for downloading the Qualification Information Submission document. Upon sending a request, your organization will also receive updates regarding this tender.

All inquiries related to this tender should be sent by email to PA-Mongolia@charleskendall.com, with a copy to procurement@mca-mongolia.gov.mn, no later than 3:00 PM (Ulaanbaatar time), July 29, 2025. Answers to submitted inquiries will be provided to all registered interested firms no later than 5:00 PM, July 31, 2025.

Qualification information must be uploaded via the electronic submission link specified in the submission document before 5:00 PM (Ulaanbaatar time), August 7, 2025. Only electronic submissions are permitted – applications sent by email or hard copy will not be accepted. Late submissions will be rejected.

Millennium Challenge Account – Mongolia

Warning: Media organizations (TV, radio, social media, and websites) are prohibited from using this information in whole or in part in any form. Use is only allowed with explicit permission and with attribution to the source (ikon.mn).

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Exports Decrease by $1.3 Billion Due to Decline in Coal, Washed Cashmere and Other Products

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: ikon.mn

According to a special permit from MPA agency for use of the photograph

In the first half of 2025, Mongolia conducted foreign trade totaling $12.1 billion with 145 countries. The foreign trade balance showed a surplus of $1.1 billion in the first six months of 2025, which is a decrease of $1.5 billion or 51.1% compared to the same period of the previous year. In the first six months, trade with China amounted to $8.2 billion, making up 67.3% of the total foreign trade turnover.

Exports totaled $6.6 billion, which is $1.3 billion or 16.6% less than in the same period the previous year. Of the exports, 94.7% were mining products. The main reasons for the $1.3 billion decrease in exports were due to: - Coal: down by $2.1 billion, - Washed cashmere: down by $148 million, - Unrefined crude oil: down by $31.4 million, - Sheep and goat meat: down by $24.3 million.

On the other hand, exports of copper ore and concentrate increased by $897.9 million or 62% compared to the same period last year.

Imports reached $5.5 billion, increasing by $150.1 million or 2.8% compared to the same period the previous year. Of these imports, 22.2% were vehicles and their parts, and 20.6% were personal machinery and mechanical equipment. The increase of $150.1 million in imports resulted mainly from: - Passenger cars: up by $207.6 million or 47.1%, - Vehicle spare parts: up by $22 million or 67.1%, - Smartphones: up by $15 million or 21.9%, - Alcoholic beverages: up by $14.5 million or 49.8%, - Soil and stone separating and mixing machinery: up by $10.4 million or 13.7%.

However, imports of freight trucks decreased by $44.3 million or 13.2% compared to the same period last year.

Warning: Media organizations (TV, radio, social, and web pages) are strictly prohibited from using our information in any form, in whole or in part, unless agreed. Usage is only permitted by citing the original source (ikon.mn).

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The Impact of Tariffs: The Decline in the Copper Market

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: news.mn

Copper is considered a fundamental raw material for technological advancement and economic development. In the context of the global energy transition, it holds significant importance. The unique properties of copper make it indispensable for renewable energy technologies, electric vehicles, and modern power grids. However, the International Copper Study Group (ICSG) predicts that global copper demand may fall short of supply over the next two years. In particular, the international trade uncertainties caused by U.S. tariff increases are expected to impact copper demand.

Recently, a meeting was held in Lisbon involving key sector players such as metal producers and major consumers. After the meeting, the ICSG projected that the global surplus of copper will reach 289,000 tons in 2025, more than double the 138,000 tons recorded last year. Previously, it was estimated that the surplus would reach 194,000 tons, but experts now note it may increase to 209,000 tons in 2026. Comparing copper demand and supply over the past three years, 2023 was the most stable. According to the ICSG, the anticipated copper surplus in 2025–26 is mainly linked to increased mine production and smelting capacity. If supply and demand remain relatively stable, there is a full possibility that international copper prices will gradually change.

GROWTH IN MINING SUPPLY
ICSG estimates that global mining production will increase by 2.3% this year to reach 23.5 million tons. Most of this will come from steady copper output at mines like Kamoa-Kakula in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Oyu Tolgoi in Mongolia, and Russia’s new Malmyz mine. In 2026, the mining sector in countries such as Brazil, Iran, Ecuador, Zambia, and Chile is expected to expand, and copper production may grow by 2.5% compared to this year. Although these projections are probable estimates, several small and medium mines are scheduled to start operations in the next two years. For example, Brazil, Iran, Uzbekistan, Ecuador, Eritrea, Greece, Angola, and Morocco plan to pay more attention to their mining sector, potentially contributing to increased global production, according to the ICSG.

The ICSG also highlights the growth in China’s smelting capacity and notes that new processing plants in India, Indonesia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) could push refined copper production up by 2.9% this year. However, in 2026, due to limited copper concentrate supply, total refined copper production is expected to decrease by 1.5%. This will indicate a slowdown in primary refined production.

IMPACT ON DEMAND
According to the ICSG, international trade policy uncertainties could weaken the global economic outlook and adversely affect copper demand. Originally, this year’s growth in refined copper consumption was forecasted at 2.7%, but it may drop to 2.4%. Furthermore, copper consumption growth next year is projected to decline to 1.8%. For instance, China’s copper consumption was recorded at 2% this year, but it is forecasted to decrease to just 0.8% next year.

Experts interpret this as evidence that copper demand is weakening year by year. Major copper consumption centers such as Europe, the United States, and Japan are also experiencing continued declines in demand. As a result, it is now speculated that in the future, copper may only be in strong demand in Asia. Nevertheless, the ICSG remains confident that demand drivers like energy transition technologies and data centers will continue to support copper consumption and help offset the production losses caused by prolonged trade wars.

SOURCE: MINING, ICSG

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Coal Exports Decrease by 43 Percent, Copper Concentrate Exports Increase by 61.7 Percent

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: itoim.mn

Let us present the information on Mongolia's foreign trade and the formation of the state budget for the first half of 2025, as reported by the National Statistics Office.

Coal falls, copper rises
In the first half of 2025, Mongolia conducted foreign trade totaling 12.1 billion USD with over 150 countries. Of this, exports reached 6.6 billion USD and imports 5.5 billion USD. Although the foreign trade balance had a surplus of 1.1 billion USD, it decreased by 1.5 billion USD, or 58.1 percent, compared to the same period from the previous year. Total exports dropped by 1.3 billion USD year-on-year, while imports increased by 150.1 million USD.

The main factors for the 1.3 billion USD decline in total exports compared to the previous year were a decrease in coal exports by 2.1 billion USD (or 43.9 percent), washed cashmere by 148 million USD, crude oil by 31.4 million USD, and mutton and goat meat exports by 24.3 million USD. However, in the first half of 2025, copper ore concentrate exports grew by 894.7 million USD, or 61.7 percent, compared to the same period of the previous year.

The budget posts a deficit of 758 billion MNT
In the first half of 2025, the state consolidated budget revenue and aid totaled 14 trillion MNT, a decrease of 914.4 billion MNT (or 6 percent) compared to the previous year. The balanced budget revenue and aid amounted to 13.2 trillion MNT, down by 983.3 billion or 7 percent. Total expenditures and net loans reached 14 trillion MNT, an increase of 1.1 trillion MNT (or 8.2 percent) compared to the same period last year, resulting in a budget deficit of 758 billion MNT.

Before the end of the Spring Session, amendments were made to the Law on the 2025 State Budget. As part of these changes, state budget expenditures were reduced by 3 trillion, and measures were taken to offset the shortfall in revenue from coal exports.

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TODAY: Presentation of Mongolia's Social and Economic Indicators

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: montsame.mn

Ulaanbaatar, /MONTSAME/. Summary of today's events: At the invitation of Sadyr Japarov, President of the Kyrgyz Republic, President U. Khurelsukh of Mongolia is making a state visit to the Kyrgyz Republic from July 20 to 23, 2025.

11:00 AM: The National Statistical Committee will present Mongolia's social and economic indicators.

• Today is the Day of Employees of the Judicial Enforcement Agency.
• The special exhibition "Mongolian Trunk" will be open to the public at the National Museum of Mongolia until July 29.

In the provinces:

• The Felt Festival will be held in Uvurkhangai province.
• The "TUV ROBO–2025" competition, organized among students of grades 6-12 from general education schools, will take place in Zuunmod city, Tuv province, from July 20 to 23.
• A temporary exhibition "Nature Up Close" is ongoing at Arkhangai province museum until July 28.

Follow @montsame.mn

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NSO: 94.7 Percent of Exports Accounted for by Mining Sector

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: news.mn

The National Statistics Office has released its consolidated social and economic data for the first half of 2025. Specifically, consolidated foreign and domestic trade information shows that exports and imports still dominate. The price of consumer goods increased by 8.2 percent in the first six months of 2025 compared to the same period last year, with a year-on-year rate of 5.4 percent, and the services group increased by 16.9 percent. Prices for staple foods rose by 5.6 percent, the clothing group by 9.1 percent, housing by 21 percent, household products group by 6.5 percent, and hotel and dormitory services reached 12 percent. Additionally, educational services rose mainly, reaching 18.2 percent. In the first half of the year, Mongolia traded with 145 countries and made a profit of 27 million US dollars compared to the same period last year.

94.7 percent of exports comprised goods and products from the mining and agriculture sectors. Export earnings decreased by $1.3 billion compared to the same period last year. However, coal exports earned $2.3 billion, washed cashmere $148 million, and unprocessed crude oil $31 million. Export of sheep and goat meat decreased by $24 million, contributing to the overall export decline, according to experts. Copper ore and concentrate exports increased by $897 million compared to the previous period. Of all exports, 91 percent were sent to China and 5.2 percent to Switzerland, amounting to 96 percent of total exports.

In terms of imports, 22 percent consisted of vehicles and auto parts, 20.6 percent were personal machinery and mechanical equipment, 20.3 percent were mineral products, and 8 percent were basic iron and steel imports. Furthermore, passenger car imports amounted to $207.6 million, or 45.1 percent, auto spare parts $22 million, smartphones $15 million, increasing by 221 percent, and alcoholic beverages increased by 14 percent, or 50 percent. Of the products imported from Russia, 71 percent were petroleum, while 80.3 percent of imports from Japan consisted of passenger vehicles.

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Export Revenue Losses of $350-400 Million Annually Due to Public Holidays

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: gogo.mn

Prime Minister G. Zandanshatar has issued a directive to establish a working group on “Increasing Exports and Supporting Trade.” The first meeting of the working group was held at the Ministry of Economic Development.

The working group is chaired by Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy and Development N. Uchral. He has assigned the following tasks to relevant organizations in order to increase the flow of mining-based export products, which are the main drivers of exports. These tasks include:

• Citing examples where obtaining a customs bonded warehouse permit involves 15 officials and, in some cases, takes up to 1,035 days, he has instructed to reduce bureaucratic procedures at customs and update standardized procedures among relevant agencies;
• Organizing unimpeded passage through intelligent gates for vehicles with low risk ratings at border crossings;
• Facilitating the full operation of border crossing points at full capacity during public holidays—all to be resolved by September 30, 2025.

A current status report revealed statistics showing that when border crossing points are closed during public holidays, export revenue is disrupted by approximately $350-400 million per year. This is because, according to the "Agreement Between the Governments of Mongolia and the People's Republic of China on the Border Crossings and Their Regimes," border crossings are closed on national holidays and public holidays.

There are also issues such as transport drivers having to stop six times before crossing the border, vehicles passing through the AGV terminal operating on irregular schedules resulting in a 45% reduction in turnover for other businesses, and vehicles spending 136 hours undergoing border inspection.

Source: Ministry of Economy and Development

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Erdenes Tavan Tolgoi LLC Meets with Representatives of China Energy Group on Increasing Coal Transportation

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: itoim.mn

Within the framework of the construction of the border crossing and rail link at the Gashuunsukhait-Ganqmod railway port, which was established through an intergovernmental agreement between Mongolia and the People’s Republic of China, Erdenes Tavan Tolgoi LLC and China Energy Group have signed a long-term agreement for the sale and purchase of coal. Under the agreement, it has been arranged for Erdenes Tavan Tolgoi LLC to supply 5 million tons of coal by railway in 2025.

Today, the management of Erdenes Tavan Tolgoi LLC and China Energy Coking Coal (Tianjin) LLC held a meeting to discuss the implementation of the intergovernmental agreement, the contract, the status of coal purchasing, transportation progress, the challenges faced, and solutions.

Representatives from Erdenes Tavan Tolgoi LLC emphasized their readiness to fulfill contractual obligations, stating they are fully capable of loading 5 million tons of coal within 2025. They stressed the importance for China Energy to pay special attention to railway transport, coal collection, border clearance, increasing transportation capacity, expediting the process for sampling and receiving laboratory results, and to work rapidly and closely together on both sides.

Sun Ruihai, Deputy General Director of China Energy Coking Coal (Tianjin) LLC, highlighted the importance of increasing coal imports, shortening sampling and testing periods, and formalizing third-party laboratory issues by mutual agreement in writing. Additionally, he expressed interest in parallel implementation of energy coal procurement and transportation coordination.

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The Government Will Borrow 9 Billion MNT from Domestic Investors

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: gogo.mn

The government's 52-week discounted and five-year coupon domestic securities have been registered in the securities list of the Mongolian Stock Exchange.

The primary market trading will be organized tomorrow at 10:00 am. Each security has a nominal value of 100,000 MNT, with 50,000 units offered.

Discounted government domestic securities worth 5 billion MNT and coupon government domestic securities worth 4.0 billion MNT will be offered to the public.

A total of 9.0 billion MNT will be raised. The Mongolian Stock Exchange has informed investors to participate in the primary and secondary market trading through their respective securities companies.

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Over 150 Enterprises Participated in the Mongolia-Kyrgyzstan Business Forum

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: montsame.mn

The state visit of the President of Mongolia, U. Khurelsukh, to the Republic of Kyrgyzstan continues. As part of the visit, a Mongolia-Kyrgyzstan business forum was held, with participation from governmental organizations, business representatives, and investors from both countries. The forum was opened with speeches by S. Amarsaikhan, Deputy Prime Minister of Mongolia and Chair of the Mongolian part of the Mongolia-Kyrgyzstan Intergovernmental Commission, and E.J. Baisalov, Deputy Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Kyrgyzstan. S. Amarsaikhan emphasized that reciprocal visits by the heads of state elevate bilateral relations to a new level, expand trade and economic cooperation, and play a significant role in strengthening the friendship between the peoples.

Both sides viewed the business forum as an important driver for achieving tangible results by matching market demands and technological advances and creating mutually beneficial economic ties between the public and private sectors of the two countries.

Going forward, the countries plan to: • Establish joint ventures for processing agricultural products, meat and meat products, wool, cashmere, hides, and leather, and bring these products to the international market; • Deepen cooperation in transport logistics, tourism, education, science, and advanced technology; • Increase the supply of fruits and vegetables, exchange experiences, and train specialists; • Create a favorable investment environment and ensure stable, clear conditions for conducting business.

Furthermore, within the framework of the President's initiatives for the national movements "One Billion Trees" and "Food Supply and Security," cooperation with Kyrgyzstan will aim to ensure stable food supply and expand partnerships.

Over 150 enterprises from both countries participated in the business forum, representing sectors such as information technology, energy, mining, transport logistics, education, banking and finance, food, agriculture, trade services, and tourism. They established contacts and signed cooperation agreements.

During the forum, the Mongolia-Kyrgyzstan Business Council was established to support business cooperation, implement joint projects, and promote the further development of relations between enterprises of the two countries.

Kyrgyzstan's economy is centered on agriculture, mining, light and food industries, energy, and textiles. Its foreign trade turnover is 16 billion US dollars. The country primarily exports gold, agricultural raw materials, iron, glass, coal, and cement, and imports passenger vehicles, petroleum, natural gas, equipment, and chemical products.

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Economic Forum Overcome by Promises and Applause, Losing Its Significance

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: unuudur.mn

Organizers of the "Mongolian Economic Forum" grandly declare it to be a new starting point for foreign and domestic investors and entrepreneurs to initiate relationships and cooperation, as well as a free platform to discuss and resolve pressing issues and the real situation. However, the 16th forum held on the 8th and 9th of this month demonstrated once again that this annual event has become overly elaborate, less result-oriented, and more focused on superficial appearances. Organizers boasted that the number of participants exceeded 4,000, spread quotes and aphorisms from ministers and officials, proudly posted photos of prestigious foreign guests on social media, and highlighted the participation of renowned global media outlets such as CNN.

Essentially, the forum continued under the usual slogans like “We will create a healthy business environment and support investors in every way” and “The government is especially focusing on diversifying the economy, supporting exports, reducing imports, and increasing non-mining production,” all accompanied by thunderous applause. This year was no exception. Prime Minister G. Zandanshatar made a populist statement: “We must be a country that invites investors without biting them, and welcomes them without hassling them. When it is foreign nationals calling Mongolia investor-friendly rather than ourselves, a truly healthy business environment will have formed.” The First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy and Development N. Uchral promised, “We will submit the Foreign Investment Law, which is significant for removing obstacles from the economy and increasing the private sector’s role, to parliament and have it adopted in the autumn session. If not, we will no longer organize the economic forum in Mongolia.” Deputy Prime Minister T. Dorjkhand pledged, “By 2030 Mongolia will shift to green energy and double its production.” This seems to be the major “result” of this year’s forum.

MOST IMPORTANTLY: REAL RESULTS
There have been constant criticisms about the substantial budget spent from the state under the name of co-hosting the economic forum with the private sector, putting pressure on the economy. Last month, the new government’s First Deputy Prime Minister N. Uchral announced that this year’s forum would not be financed by the state, the government would only participate as an attendee, and this policy would continue. Hence, expectations arose that the format and organization of this national forum for investors, with broad participation from both government and private sector, may change to a certain extent from next year—if the government truly sticks to its stance as a participant, not a funder. However, regardless of who organizes and finances this famous traditional event, which is widely known internationally and attended by investors and entrepreneurs from home and abroad, now is the time to focus on its organization and, most importantly, tangible results. Sector researchers and experts express similar opinions.

E. Zolbayar, the founder of Capital Markets Mongolia, a strategic advisory company that has successfully organized the “Mongolia Investment Forum” once in Singapore and twice in the US, said, “There’s nothing wrong with organizing an economic forum—it’s necessary. What matters is prioritizing significance and impact if money is being spent. At least six months prior to the forum, foreign guests should be invited, and during the core activities, reports should be presented to them, contracts and agreements should be signed, and issues for discussion and resolution must be prepared. Unfortunately, our ministers and officials act very passively, and only repeat the same things in discussions.” This is an entirely accurate assessment.

THE SIGNIFICANCE BAROMETER
There are highly influential economic forums at the international level. Notable examples include the World Economic Forum (WEF), which leaders and influential businessmen from around the world participate in; the Boao Forum for Asia (BFA), which supports regional cooperation; as well as the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF) and Qatar Economic Forum (QEF), which aim to attract investment to specific countries. The results of such international forums are measured by five main indicators: avenues for new investments, business partnerships, a basis for policy making, the ability to recognize new trends and challenges, and the opportunity to enhance a country’s image or reputation. Forums are considered effective if they open up new opportunities in these areas and influence concrete policy and decisions. This constitutes the barometer of significance. Unfortunately, when measured by these indicators, the results and significance of the "Mongolian Economic Forum" are rather unclear. Since the inception of these forums, it is hard to find concrete figures or solid evidence on what changes or real progress has been made, or how Mongolia’s economy has been impacted. Even economists remark, “From the beginning, promises to create an investor-friendly environment and reduce dependence on mining have been uttered and are still the same today.” In the end, the saying goes, "Investors are attracted by laws, not by meetings." Indeed, the topics, content, and persistent challenges repeatedly discussed at these forums remain unchanged. Addressing issues and disputes related to foreign investment reveals numerous negative examples and little real progress. The only thing that seems to change over time is the rotation of ministers and officials giving speeches.

During the "Mongolian Economic Forum 2025," several memoranda of understanding were signed. For instance, Ulaanbaatar City Administration and the British Export and Credit Agency agreed to cooperate on the "Ulaanbaatar Metro" project; the Ministry of Economy and Development and the Asia Group joined hands for investment and trade; “Ajnai Group” and “Ard Financial Group” agreed to work together to develop a "Smart City"; the Ministry of Culture, Sports, Tourism and Youth, and TikTok company unified their goals to promote Mongolia internationally. Additionally, the famous British "Royal Enfield" brand signed a cooperation agreement with "Mongol Post" JSC and donated five motorcycles. Organizers and officials made a big fuss reporting these, but looking at whether these are truly impactful projects from a national perspective, the reality is that the investment deals made at the forum are rather modest.

THE PRIME MINISTER'S UNUSUAL STRATEGY
Every year, the Prime Minister opens the "Mongolian Economic Forum" and presents the government’s policies and directions to foreign investors and entrepreneurs. Accordingly, the distinguished guest of the 16th forum was Prime Minister G. Zandanshatar, who had not even held office for a month. He began his speech with the celestial call, “Let us make Great Mongolia even greater,” presented a strategy with the super terms ABCD and 5D, and astonished not only foreign guests but also domestic researchers and experts. The 5D strategy includes: doubling GDP within ten years, increasing exports by 50%, increasing renewable energy production by the same amount, ensuring economic independence, and fully digitalizing government services to create a digital economy. In reality, the Prime Minister’s report, which outlined the Government’s policy and plans, was too abstract—much like a five-dimensional image or visualization, far from reality. The world today is creating virtual environments that combine real and artificial imagery through technological advancement, termed 3D, 4D, or 5D. The Prime Minister’s 5D strategy seemed to have placed the reality and future of Mongolia in just such a virtual world. Only his statement, “Our largest, main mega-project to implement is human development,” sounded somewhat practical and relatable. Traditionally extravagant and glossy, with an emphasis on form over substance and making celestial promises and calls, Prime Minister G. Zandanshatar elevated the forum to new rhetorical heights this time.

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Mongolian Bankers Association: Invitation for Selection

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: ikon.mn

INVITATION FOR SELECTION

SELECTION OF A COMPANY TO EXECUTE THE BUILDING REPAIR WORKS OF THE MONGOLIAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION NGO

Selection number: MBA2501

We invite eligible companies to participate in the open selection for the execution of building repair works of the Mongolian Bankers Association NGO. Interested companies are required to deposit 50,000 MNT (non-refundable) into account number MN70000 4000 410028175 at Trade and Development Bank, and send the payment proof along with an official letter to tsatsralt@mba.mn to obtain the selection data.

Materials will be accepted via tsatsralt@mba.mn until 12:00 pm on August 1, 2025, and only the selected company will be notified.

Address:
Ulaanbaatar city, Chingeltei district, 1st khoroo, Baga Toiruu /15160/, Jigjidjav Street, Building 9/1, 6th floor

Note:
For information related to the selection process, please contact tsatsralt@mba.mn
Phone: 11-323581, 9910-7443, 9406-5222
Mongolian Bankers Association NGO

Warning:
Media organizations (TV, Radio, Social networks, and Websites) are prohibited from using our information in full or in part in any form, except by agreement and with the source (ikon.mn) being cited.

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Women Sewers in Govi-Altai Province Begin Exporting Their Products

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: gogo.mn

TIKA Supports Women's Employment in Mongolia.

The Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency (TIKA) has provided industrial equipment support to the Altai Women's Cooperative operating in Govi-Altai province.

In 2014, nine women including unemployed, single mothers, and mothers caring for children with disabilities came together to establish this cooperative.

To this day, it has been supporting the economic and social participation of women in the region. The cooperative, which manufactures handicrafts, souvenirs, winter clothes, and shoes from sheep wool, now exports some of its products. However, as production was entirely reliant on manual methods, this resulted in slow and costly production that restricted productivity.

Production processes have become faster and productivity has sharply increased thanks to the sewing machines, cutting machines, heat press, knitting machines, and felting machines supplied by TIKA. For example, whereas previously only one pair of felt shoes could be produced per day, the felting machine now enables the production of four pairs in just two hours.

Now grown to 66 members, the cooperative has started making new products such as gloves and socks from leather, fabric, and other materials in addition to wool. The cooperative has also begun organizing training programs for its members and other women on sewing, felting, and wool production.

M. Altangerel, Deputy Governor of Govi-Altai province, expressed gratitude to the Turkish people during the equipment handover ceremony and emphasized that TIKA's support is invaluable in promoting women's employment and social unity.

B. Batsaikhan, the director of the cooperative, said, "On behalf of all the women, thank you for supporting our cooperative. Thanks to you, many women have the opportunity to receive professional training and secure employment and livelihoods."

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IMPORT: In the First Half of 2025, Mongolians Spent 207.6 Million USD on Passenger Cars

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: gogo.mn

In the first six months of 2025, Mongolia conducted foreign trade with a total of 145 countries, and the total trade turnover reached $12.1 billion. Of this, exports were $6.6 billion, and imports were $5.5 billion. The foreign trade balance showed a surplus of $1.1 billion, which represents a decrease of $1.5 billion or 58.1% compared to the previous year.

Total exports decreased by $1.3 million, while imports increased by $150 million compared to the same period of the previous year. In the first six months of 2025, trade with China amounted to $8.2 billion, making up 67.3% of the total foreign trade turnover.

91.7% of exports were directed to China, and 5.2% to Switzerland. In imports, transportation vehicles and parts accounted for 22.2%, machinery and equipment for 20.6%, mineral products for 20.2%, and basic metals for 8.8%.

The increase of $150.1 million in imports was mainly due to:

Passenger cars: $207.6 million, an increase of 45.1%
Spare parts and components for vehicles: $21.9 million, an increase of 67.1%
Smartphones: $15 million, an increase of 21.9%
Alcoholic beverages: $14.5 million, an increase of 49.8%

These items were the main contributors to the growth in imports.

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The Requests and Pleas of the Private Sector

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: gogo.mn

The National Statistical Office reported that the number of legal entities operating in our country increased by 8.3% compared to the same period last year.

As of the first half of this year, 270,000 legal entities have been registered in the business register database, up by 25,000 or 10% from the same period last year. The increase in the number of newly established legal entities is indeed a positive indicator for the economy.

However, the general assessment of our country’s business environment for 2023 decreased by 8% compared to 2020, standing at 2.68. The Mongolian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry (MNCCI) and the National University of Mongolia conducted the "Business Environment of Mongolia—2023" study. A total of 4,606 enterprises participated in the survey, with 5 indicating an excellent environment and 1 meaning very poor.

So, what did entrepreneurs representing the private sector request from the authorities at this year’s economic forum? They want prompt approval of investment and tax law amendments and wish to see a reduction in government bureaucracy.

President of the MNCCI, B. Lkhagvajav: STATE ORGANIZATIONS MAKE ONE-SIDED CONTRACTS AND HARM THE PRIVATE SECTOR

— With the budget being cut by three trillion MNT and a crisis looming, we must face reality and discuss our actual situation.

The Investment Law has not been updated since 2013. Mere talk of further amendments inspires little confidence. Although the 2013 law contains a provision exempting investors of over 10 billion MNT from taxes for ten years, this clause sadly does not work in practice. Some smart companies win court cases, but overall it is not enforced. Attracting investment is impossible in this way.

The government has pursued wasteful policies and exceeded the budget of the three years prior to COVID-19. The Government still does not take responsibility for the Bank of Mongolia's 5 trillion MNT deficit.

The coherence of laws, regulations, and related rules is extremely important for the business environment. For example, we are discussing the steel plant issue in Darkhan's Khongor. Domestic factories cannot buy raw materials from the exchange. Even though mining law requires domestic factories to be supplied with raw materials as a priority, this is not implemented in reality. This reflects a lack of alignment between government policy and the market.

State agencies are making one-sided contracts, harming the private sector. For instance, there are companies that, despite winning tenders, could not receive their payments for three years. As a result, they fell into debt traps and, in some cases, even suicides have occurred. The Pharmaceutical Association alone has not been able to receive 200 billion MNT in receivables from the state.

All these contracts need to be rectified. Contracts between the state and the private sector should be equal and fair. The National Chamber of Commerce and Industry is fully capable of fulfilling the role of arbitration to resolve such disputes, often more fairly than the courts.

Also, one of the most important issues is the permit system. The state currently issues 384 types of permits. These will be transferred to the Chamber of Commerce and Industry. This is one form of the state's excessive involvement in the economy. The number, structure, and necessity of permits should be revised based on studies. For example, there should be a standard for how many pharmacies are needed in a district. We have the experience to manage this. In the construction sector, in the last 10 years, three types of permits were issued by the Construction Association.

This is not just about regulation, but also about tackling corruption. We must move towards a fair and accountable system.

We are on the threshold of a global crisis. To get our entrepreneurs out of this situation, a soft policy is needed.

Previously, two times an Amnesty Law was enacted, offering temporary relief for entrepreneurs. Even today, we need to establish an environment of freedom. The new tax package law includes changes such as postponing audit frequency to every 5–7 years, increasing freedom.

However, the social insurance system still reflects socialist methods. Employers who create jobs have to pay all insurance, as well as medical leave for five days. This issue has existed since 1997. By correcting just this, we could reduce surplus annual expenses by 22 billion MNT.

Tax, social insurance, and investment laws need comprehensive reform. The MNCCI will actively participate in submitting economic support laws in the autumn session.

In the past 10 years, business organizations have been under significant pressure: the 2013–2016 crisis, two years of COVID, geopolitics, and now, results of the Trump election—consecutive crises. Despite this, we have never failed to meet tax revenues in the last 10 years. Each year, we have paid 15–20% more taxes. Our backs have never rested.

Yet, in recent years, the government has maintained wasteful policies and exceeded pre-COVID budgets. It hasn't addressed the central bank's 5 trillion MNT loss. Pensions were written off, and programs like the "Good Fence" were implemented. The government should fund these, and establish financial discipline and responsibility.

Executive Director of the Ulaanbaatar Chamber of Commerce, B. Khash-Erdene: NICE WORDS LIKE “SUPPORT” ARE NOT NEEDED ANYMORE, SORRY. WE JUST NEED AN OPPORTUNITY TO WORK

As state intervention increases—like creating special funds to resolve specific market problems or to support SMEs—issues only get worse or generate new problems. Therefore, we simply ask for clear "rules of the game" and to be left alone.

For investment, we have no other choice but to attract foreign investment if we are to restructure and expand our economy. For that, the Investment Law and related laws should eliminate double taxation.

Instead of passing laws to "support" us, just leave us be. Give us room to work, reduce the number of state-owned companies.

Also, there is a need to clearly define the stability to be granted to investors, and to protect their interests. Fast and fair non-judicial mechanisms are needed for settling investment-related disputes. Currently, such disputes go only to court, taking at least 10 years to resolve—hugely damaging for investors.

Politicians often make abrupt statements that tarnish the reputation of foreign investors, which only discourages them. We need to correct past mistakes regarding foreign investment.

Regarding the state budget, it is important to cut unnecessary expenditures. Capital investments help expand the economy, but growing operational costs is wrong. The foreign trade deficit is obviously increasing, fueling inflation and exchange rate tensions. We are in a difficult position, so we need to develop non-mining sectors and attract investment there.

Prime Minister G. Zandanshatar stated that a draft law to support wealth creators will be submitted at the autumn session.

—I haven't read the draft law, so I can’t comment. But instead of more laws to "support" us, just leave us to work. Reduce the presence of state-owned companies. Lessen the state's business involvement and increase the private sector's role. Fancy words are unnecessary now, sorry. We just need the opportunity to work.

Executive Director of "Bizcon Audit" LLC, L. Otgonbayar: THE UNLIMITED NATURE OF TAX PENALTIES HAS MADE THE TAX AUTHORITY A MONEY LENDER

Tax law should be amended and the overly large structure of the state should be reduced. The government’s talk of a 9% reduction is good, but people working in the structure must do their jobs properly and stop pressuring the private sector. Corruption, bureaucracy, and unnecessarily demanding too many documents crush the favorable environment for business. It's important to have a qualified, lean government.

—How do tax inspectors put pressure on businesses? —Even just calling, they act like law enforcement or police investigators. Imagine the psychological effect. When struggling to pay salaries, accounts can be frozen without notice. This is very problematic.

We have worked in this field for 24 years. As professionals, we need to speak clearly. The Prime Minister says the tax burden is low. The rate may be low, but the tax collection process is extremely complicated and burdensome. There are numerous and confusing exemptions and reliefs. When you try to claim them, you are typically refused.

Unlimited penalty interest has made the tax administration comparable to money-lenders. For example, if an entrepreneur files an incorrect report, unlimited penalties are imposed.

This is very difficult for small businesses. Perhaps these will change during the autumn session. The fact that people say they'd rather join the civil service or go abroad is symptomatic of the problem. If taxes were lower, this wouldn’t happen. As businesses shrink, budget revenues fall. Budget funds go to schools, hospitals, police.

The Prime Minister's focus on private sector-led growth is correct, and this policy must not be abandoned. Private sector development is extremely important.

For example, even after submitting all nine required documents to obtain a permit, more requirements appear. This reflects internal organizational difficulties of government agencies.

Entrepreneurs need a peaceful and happy environment. The Prime Minister's emphasis on whether "business or state comes first" and his intention to rely on the private sector is correct. This policy must continue, and the tax and social insurance systems must be made effective and meaningful.

Almost to the point of collapse, the social insurance system's funds are pooled into the state budget, and the management is poor. The draft law developed by the Minister of Labor and Social Protection was returned by the Prime Minister. The concept needs to be changed and resubmitted.

There are signs of a more favorable environment for entrepreneurs. Changes in mindset are also evident, creating new possibilities. Recently, it became clear that foreign delegates misunderstood the concept of the Wealth Fund, thinking the state would take 34% of all investments. The Prime Minister clarified that the approach depends on whether exploration was funded by the state, making it clearer for foreigners.

Such detailed information rarely reaches the outside world.

Even with digitalization of the tax administration, there still is much that remains unclear for taxpayers. Avoiding taxes is now impossible. Inspectors exert pressure, disregarding legally set deadlines. Unlimited penalties make the tax office act like a money lender. If entrepreneurs file incorrect reports, unlimited penalties are imposed. In contrast, commercial loans always have interest rate caps. Is this what we'd call simple taxation?

When appealing to the Dispute Resolution Council, a 10% upfront payment is required, which is unfair.

Entrepreneurs still cannot easily access loans, and interest rates are high. This remains a problem for small and medium businesses. Now, they want a system where state and private sector have mutually beneficial cooperation, equal contracts, timely payment for public sector work, and clearer tax and social insurance regulations.

In other words, the business environment will only improve with system-wide changes.

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Are you looking for an office in the city center?

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: ikon.mn

Are you looking for an office in the city center?

We are offering you a spacious office in the A zone of Ulaanbaatar city, located in the Central Tower.

Key features and advantages: - Location: East side of Sukhbaatar Square, in the most valuable area of the city - Area: 59 m² – Spacious and comfortable environment - Ventilation: Centralized ventilation system and air conditioning - Room layout: 2 separate rooms - Ready for use: Interior finished, fully furnished - Rental terms: Option for long-term rental - Payment terms: We offer flexible payment options

Notice
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Diplomacy

Official Talks Held Between the Presidents of Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: unuudur.mn

President U. Khurelsukh of Mongolia is undertaking a state visit to the Kyrgyz Republic. Yesterday, President Khurelsukh was officially welcomed by President Sadyr Japarov at the "Yntymak Ordo" State Residence. After holding official talks, the heads of state witnessed the signing of intergovernmental and organizational agreements aimed at expanding and developing cooperation and relations between the two countries. The two Presidents reflected on the achievements of the past thirty years of bilateral relations and determined the main directions and future prospects for further cooperation, particularly emphasizing economic development.

President Khurelsukh also invited the President of Kyrgyzstan to pay a visit to Mongolia. President S. Japarov highlighted that Mongolia is an important partner for his country in the region. Additionally, the two heads of state signed a joint declaration establishing a Comprehensive Partnership between Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan. With this, Kyrgyzstan became the second Central Asian country to establish a "Comprehensive Partnership" with Mongolia. For reference, Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan established diplomatic relations in 1992.

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A. Batsetseg: The Legal Basis for Expanding Long-Term Cooperation in All Sectors with Kyrgyzstan Has Been Established

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: ikon.mn

The State Visit of the President of Mongolia, U. Khurelsukh, to the Kyrgyz Republic is ongoing. During the visit, an important event occurred when the level of traditional friendly relations was elevated to a “Comprehensive Partnership.” In other words, the relations between the two countries have been upgraded from mutually beneficial cooperation based on traditional fraternal friendship to the level of a Comprehensive Partnership, as noted by Dr. A. Batsetseg, a lecturer at the Department of International Relations of the National University of Mongolia. She stated about this:

"The State Visit of the President of Mongolia to the Kyrgyz Republic is being conducted at a very high level, with substantial content and significance. Reaching the level of a Comprehensive Partnership means that the two countries have established a legal basis for developing long-term relations and high-level cooperation across all sectors. By achieving comprehensive partnership relations, mutual trust between our two countries is increasing, leading to active interactions and collaboration. This is a successful indicator for Mongolia’s foreign policy," she emphasized.

She also mentioned: "In 2023, the President of Kyrgyzstan, Sadyr Japarov, paid a state visit to Mongolia at the invitation of President U. Khurelsukh of Mongolia. Notably, the visit was on July 11, 2023, when Mongolia’s Naadam National Festival is held, and he was invited as a highly esteemed guest. At that time, the presidents of Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan signed a declaration to deepen the traditional friendly relations and cooperation between the two countries. From 2023 to the present, the relations between the two countries have expanded vigorously, with very active cooperation in people-to-people ties, cultural diplomacy, and other sectors," she added.

Note: Media organizations (TV, Radio, Social and Web pages) are prohibited from using our information in whole or in part in any form; it may only be used with explicit agreement and by citing the original source (ikon.mn).

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TUV: Representatives of Tottori Prefecture Friendship Association Working in Tuv Province

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: montsame.mn

A delegation of 23 representatives from the Friendship Association of Tottori Prefecture, Japan, is currently visiting Tuv Province. This Friendship Association operates with the support of the warm-hearted citizens of Tottori Prefecture and has made significant contributions to the fields of agriculture and education in Tuv Province. For example, with the support of the Friendship Association, a Japanese language club was established at the Children's Center in Tuv Province in 2002. Since then, more than 500 children have studied and acquired basic Japanese language skills.

From July 20 to 25, 2025, the 15th "Wing of Friendly Relations in Mongolia" event from Japan is being held. Within the framework of this event, activities such as an open day to promote Japanese language and culture, a Japanese speech contest entitled "My Dream" among students of the Japanese language club at the Children's Center, friendly sports games, an onigiri making workshop, and a tour of the agricultural park are planned.

Follow @montsame.mn

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Infrastructure

A Joint General Education School will be Built in Mongolia with Kyrgyz Investment

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: gogo.mn

During the official talks between Mongolian President U. Khurelsukh and President S. Japarov of the Kyrgyz Republic, President S. Japarov announced that Kyrgyzstan would invest in constructing a general education school building in Mongolia and hand it over upon completion.

Mongolia's Minister of Education, P. Naranbayar, met with Mr. Aybek Artykbay, the Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of the Kyrgyz Republic to Mongolia, in November 2024. During this meeting, the Kyrgyz side expressed their interest in establishing a joint general education school.

In response to this request, a draft memorandum of understanding was submitted between the Governments of Mongolia and the Kyrgyz Republic on "the construction of a general education school building in Mongolia with the investment of the Kyrgyz Republic."

Additionally, applications for the Kyrgyz government scholarship program will remain open until August 9, 2025. For more information, click HERE.

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KHÖVSGÖL: To Collaborate with Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea in the Field of Renewable Energy

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: montsame.mn

The Director of Renewable Energy of Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, Republic of Korea, Hun Seok Pyo; Deputy Director Du Moon Taek; Director of the Foreign Relations Department Sun Yul Lak; and representatives of the implementing company visited Khövsgöl province. The delegation was received by D. Purevdorj, Chairman of the Citizens' Representative Khural of Khövsgöl Province, L. Tömörbaatar, Governor of the province, and P. Sanligrenchin, Director of "Khövsgöl Thermal Power Plant" JSC. The parties exchanged views on cooperation between the two sides.

During the meeting, they discussed increasing the capacity of Khövsgöl province's central heating plant, introducing solar thermal technology in renewable energy to improve heating supply, and presented information about a carbon credit exchange project. They also shared information with each other.

The parties held detailed discussions about the project's needs, economic efficiency, future cooperation opportunities, and directions, deciding to gradually expand their cooperation.

Going forward, within the framework of the cooperation, they plan to open up new opportunities, share experience in the field of renewable energy, and begin joint work.

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A Hearing Regarding the Khazlan Buregtei Deposit in Myangad Soum, Khovd Province, to be Held on September 23

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: ikon.mn

A general oversight hearing to examine in detail the exploitation of the Khazlan Buregtei deposit located in Myangad soum, Khovd province, as well as its negative environmental impacts and risks, is scheduled to be held at the State Palace on September 23 this year. The general oversight hearing is organized and conducted by the Standing Committees on Environment, Food and Agriculture, and on Economy of the State Great Khural, and will be chaired by Member of Parliament and chairman of the Standing Committee on Ethics and Procedures, B. Bayarbaatar. Registration for the hearing will continue until 17:00 on September 18, 2025.

The reserves of the Khazlan Buregtei deposit have been studied since 1983, and a mining license was issued in 2004. According to publicly available information on holders of mineral exploration and exploitation licenses, a special exploitation license (MV-019329) for a 106.66-hectare area called Bor Tolgoi within the deposit has been granted to "Mongolian Lantanide Corporation" LLC. Special exploitation licenses for a 91.39-hectare area called Ar Khuren (MV-012335), and a 175.24-hectare area called Khazlan Buregtei (MV-006911) have been granted to "Mongolia National Rare Earth Corp" LLC respectively. It was revealed to the public that this deposit holds reserves of 5 million tons of ore containing rare earth elements such as Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Yttrium (Y), Dysprosium (Dy), and Neodymium (Nd).

Citizens and legal entities wishing to participate in the hearing or submit suggestions, comments, and information related to the hearing can submit their written requests, proposals, explanations, or information at least two working days before the hearing, that is, by September 18, 2025. Citizens must include their surname, first name, registration number, residential address, postal address, contact phone number, and signature with their request. Requests can be sent by email.

Registration, proposals, and comments from citizens and legal entities will be accepted at:
Postal address: 14201 Ulaanbaatar, Sukhbaatar District, General D. Sukhbaatar Square 1, State Great Khural Administration, Oversight and Inspection Department
Inquiry phone: 51-260933
Email: sonsgol@parliament.mn

Note: Due to the capacity of the event hall, the number of participants is limited, and once registration is closed, the list of names will be published on the official website of the State Great Khural. According to the "Regulations on Security and Service of State Palace of Mongolia," participants will be admitted after presentation and verification of their citizen identity card or electronic ID (e-mongolia). Participants are requested to attend in official or national attire.

From the Press Office of the State Great Khural

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General Oversight Hearing on Khalkhan Buregtei Deposit to be Held

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: gogo.mn

A general oversight hearing will be organized by the Standing Committee on Environment, Food and Agriculture and the Standing Committee on Economics of the State Great Khural (Parliament) of Mongolia on September 23, 2025, in the "Genghis Khan" Hall of the State Palace.

Representatives from the public, legal entities, and media organizations can participate in this hearing.

Topic of the general oversight hearing: "Detailed Study on the Utilization, Environmental Impact, and Risks of the 'Khalkhan Buregtei' Mining Site."

Registration: Registration for the hearing will continue until 5:00 PM on September 18, 2025.

Citizens and legal entities wishing to participate in the hearing or submit opinions, comments, or information regarding the hearing must submit their request, opinion, comment, or information in writing no less than two working days before the hearing or by September 18, 2025. The request must include the citizen's surname, first name, registration number, residential address, postal address, and contact telephone number, and must be signed. Requests can also be submitted via email.

Reception of registration, opinions, and comments from citizens and legal entities:

Postal address: 14201 Ulaanbaatar City, Sukhbaatar District, Chinggis Square 1, State Great Khural Secretariat, Oversight and Inspection Office
Inquiry phone: 51-260933
Email address: sonsgol@parliament.mn

Note: The number of participants is limited due to the capacity of the event hall, and the names of participants will be posted on the official website of the State Great Khural once registration ends.

Participants will be admitted to the State Palace upon verification of their citizen identity card or e-ID (e-mongolia) in accordance with the "Regulations on Protection and Service at the State Palace of Mongolia." Participants must wear official or national attire.

Source: Parliament.mn

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Closure and Renovation of Roads from Sansar Gas Station Intersection to Khailaast-Gants Khudag Intersection

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: gogo.mn

The road from the 10th neighborhood intersection to the Sapporo intersection will be closed and renovated.

Road closure: July 22, 23:00
Road opening: July 26, 06:00

Also, the road from the Sansar gas station intersection to the Khailaast-Gants Khudag intersection, as well as from Gants bus stop to the Tugss Khunsnii Delguur (Tugs Food Store), will be partially closed and renovated.

Road closure: July 24, 00:00
Road opening: July 30, 06:00

Therefore, citizens and drivers are advised to use alternative routes.

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Society

The Number of South Korean Tourists Visiting Mongolia in the First Half of 2025 Increased by 13,200 Compared to the Same Period of Last Year

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: ikon.mn

The National Statistical Office today presented Mongolia's social and economic indicators for the first half of 2025. In the first half of 2025, a total of 3,594,700 border crossings (including repeats) were recorded at our state borders, which is an increase of 523,300 (17.0%) compared to the same period last year.

Of the 1,821,100 people who entered the country in the first half of 2025, 37.8% passed through Zamyn-Uud, 26% through Chinggis Khaan, 8.5% through Altanbulag, 8.2% through Gashuunsukhait, 5.6% through Shiveekhuren, and 13.9% through other ports.

Among those who entered the country, 1,442,500 (79.2%) were Mongolian citizens and 378,600 (20.8%) were foreign citizens. The number of Mongolian citizens entering increased by 223,400 (18.3%) and the number of foreign citizens increased by 50,400 (15.4%) compared to the same period last year. Of the foreign travelers entering the country, 240,400 (63.5%) were men and 138,200 (36.5%) were women.

By age group, 219,700 (58.0%) of foreign travelers were aged 35–59. Looking at the duration of stay, 52,700 (13.9%) stayed up to 10 days, 275,500 (72.8%) up to 30 days, 4,100 (1.1%) between 60 and 90 days, and 46,300 (12.2%) for 90 or more days.

By region, 62.3% of foreign travelers entering the country were from the East Asia and Pacific region, 32.0% from Europe, 2.7% from the Americas, 1.6% from the Middle East, 1.2% from South Asia, and 0.2% from Africa.

Of the foreign travelers entering the country, 34.9% were citizens of China, 25.9% were Russian citizens, 16.0% were citizens of South Korea, 3.0% were Japanese citizens, 2.7% were citizens of Kazakhstan, and 17.5% were from other countries.

Compared to the same period last year, the number of Chinese tourists increased by 34,800 (58.9%), South Korean tourists by 13,200 (28.6%), Russian tourists by 7,400 (8.4%), Japanese tourists by 4,500 (69.6%), and Kazakh tourists by 300 (3.7%).

Notice: Media organizations (Television, Radio, Social and Web pages) are prohibited from using our information in any form, in full or in part, unless agreed upon and only by citing the source (ikon.mn).

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Statistician: As of 2025, Over 100,000 Chinese Tourists Have Arrived

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: news.mn

The flow of tourists coming to Mongolia has not stopped since the beginning of the year, especially during the festival days. According to statistical indicators, the tourism sector, which had stagnated and even come to a halt during the pandemic, suffered a 94% decline during those years. For example, losses amounted to 1.6 trillion MNT. However, authorities have noted that the sector's performance has grown by 65% today, and the number of tourists received is close to reaching one million.

In 2024, as of July, during the time of the National Naadam Festival, the tourist numbers were as follows:
South Korea – 43,217
China – 31,196
Russia – 29,912
Kazakhstan – 6,624
Japan – 4,804
USA – 3,744
Taiwan – 2,776
Germany – 2,145
France – 1,510
United Kingdom – 919
Australia – 798
Turkey – 761
Italy – 744
Uzbekistan – 681
India – 653
Switzerland – 594
Hong Kong – 550
Belarus – 516
Canada – 457
Vietnam – 452 tourists arrived.

In total, by July of last year, about 100,000 tourists from more than 20 countries had arrived. For the entire year, a total of 435,037 visitors came to Mongolia.

As for the statistics for foreign visitors arriving in 2025: As of July this year, a total of 349,696 tourists have come, which is an 18% increase compared to the same period last year. To specify:
From China – 129,395
From Russia – 110,898
From South Korea – 80,741
From Japan – 14,890
From the USA – 11,012
From Germany – 7,908
From Taiwan – 6,639
From Turkey – 5,775
From France – 4,026
From Belarus – 3,847
From Australia – 2,962
From Uzbekistan – 2,812
From India – 2,694
From the UK – 2,503
From Hong Kong – 2,043
From Vietnam – 1,805
From Singapore – 1,691
From Italy – 1,625
From Canada – 1,465 tourists have arrived so far.

Thus, year after year, the number of tourists who visit to experience the traditional cultural events during the days of the National Naadam Festival continues to grow.

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“Congratulations, you have won. To claim your prize, please transfer a 2% tax or commission” - new wave of online fraud schemes

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: ikon.mn

Recently, the police have reported an increase in fraud crimes committed online where fraudsters conduct live broadcasts and mislead people with statements such as "Buy a lottery ticket and become a winner," or "Win money." These scammers create fake environments and use all possible professional-looking methods in live broadcasts (or "live" streams) to gain public trust. Each lottery ticket is set at a certain price and quantity, and to those who participate, the scammers send messages like, "Congratulations, you have won. However, to claim your money, please transfer a 2% tax or commission," thus committing fraud by soliciting payments.

All live broadcasts and reward lotteries conducted online are fraudulent and intended to deceive people. The police warn citizens not to watch such live streams with these contents, not to participate in the lotteries, and if encountered, to promptly report them to prevent harm to themselves and those close to them.

Warning:
Media organizations (television, radio, social media, and websites) are strictly prohibited from using all or part of our information in any form unless a prior agreement is reached. In such cases, the original source (ikon.mn) must be properly cited.

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567 People Have Died Due to Crime Since the Start of the Year

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: gogo.mn

The National Statistics Office (NSO) has released the crime statistics report for the first half of 2025. According to the report, the number of registered crimes reached 26,700 in the first half of 2025, an increase of 30 percent compared to the same period last year.

The number of suspects involved in crimes also increased by 13 percent to 11,798. Among the total suspects, 689 were minors under the age of 18, and 1,325 were women.

In just the first half of the year, 24,600 people were registered as victims of crimes, including 1,409 children and 11,341 women.

During this period, 5,680 people were injured and 567 people lost their lives due to crimes, which represents around a 20 percent increase compared to the same period last year.

The Anti-Corruption Agency's Investigation Division registered a total of 319 corruption cases in the first half of 2025, which is a decrease of 15 percent compared to the same period last year. Out of the 335 criminal cases registered, 319 had elements of corruption, and according to Chapter 22 of Mongolia’s Criminal Code, they can be classified as follows:

Abuse of power or official position: 254 cases (75.8%)
Acceptance of bribes: 33 cases (9.9%)
Giving bribes: 31 cases (9.3%)
Abuse of power by legal entities: 10 cases (3.0%)
Unjust enrichment: 5 cases (1.5%)
Misuse of budget funds: 1 case (0.3%)

Crimes caused a total damage of 398.2 billion tugriks, of which 127.8 billion tugriks have been recovered.

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Environment

Firefighting Efforts Ongoing for 16 Wildfires in Selenge and Khentii Provinces

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: montsame.mn

As of 10:30 a.m. today, there are 18 forest fires nationwide, according to the General Authority for Emergency Management. Of these, fires in the "Aguit" area of Yeruu soum in Selenge province and the "Naran" area of Selenge soum in Bulgan province have been contained.

Efforts are underway to extinguish 12 fires in Khuder and Yeruu soums, and three in Mandal soum of Selenge province, as well as one fire in Khentii province. As of yesterday, there were a total of 15 wildfires, with a new fire reported in Khentii province today.

A total of 220 personnel from emergency management, 13 vehicles, as well as 209 professional firefighters with 17 vehicles are reinforcing efforts at the fire sites. Additionally, emergency workers are being continuously transported to fire zones by helicopter from the 111th Air Search and Rescue Unit under the General Authority for Emergency Management.

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Innovation

Blood Transported Between Hospitals by Drone in 7-10 Minutes

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: unuudur.mn

The National Center for Blood Transfusion (NCBT) has begun implementing a project to rapidly transport blood and blood products to hospitals in need using a specialized logistics drone called the “AirTruck,” addressing challenges posed by road infrastructure and traffic congestion. The center currently supplies blood and blood products to more than 70 hospitals. Previously, delivery relied on ambulances, drivers, and nurses, resulting in significant delays due to traffic.

In 2023, the NCBT pioneered the transport of up to five kilograms of blood and blood products by drone between Mongolian and Japanese hospitals. Now, this operation has become routine, including flights from NCBT branch centers as well. Most recently, a drone successfully delivered blood products from the "Bayanzurkh" blood collection center to the National Center for Maternal and Child Health (NCEMCH). The drone covered the 5-10 km distance between hospitals in just seven minutes, saving a significant amount of time, officials emphasized.

Additionally, as part of this project, the NCBT, in collaboration with the "Mongolian smart drone" company of the "Newcom" group, is transporting blood by drone five days a week.

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Health

85 Violations of Chemical Hazard Regulations Reported

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: montsame.mn

Inspections are being conducted on activities related to the use and import of hazardous and toxic chemicals. These inspections are being carried out nationwide as a preventative measure, under directive No. 01/04 approved by the sector’s chief state inspector, to monitor the implementation of the Law on Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and related regulations by organizations engaged in the use and import of such chemicals.

During the first half of this year, 113 entities with special permits were inspected. As a result, 85 violations of laws and regulations were identified, and legal proceedings were initiated against 10 entities, with corrective measures being enforced.

Additionally, six cases involving the use of chemicals without the required special permit, considered criminal offenses, have been referred to the police. The inspections are ongoing.

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UN: Number of Drug Users in Mongolia to Increase by 43% by 2030

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: itoim.mn

A recent fight among youths in the Sukhbaatar district has become the focus of societal attention. Particularly, the fact that the youths involved were children of influential people in politics and business has sparked suspicion and outrage within the community, with concerns that their family influence might help them evade responsibility. Moreover, there are suspicions that the incident may be connected to drugs. Specifically, it is suspected that the youths consumed psychoactive substances while partying at a nightclub, although the police have yet to make any official statements. The police have stated, "Drug tests have been conducted on the youths involved in the incident, but the results are not yet available." The basis for suspecting drug use is underpinned by statistics showing a sharp increase in drug consumption, especially among the 15-35 age group.

For instance, according to 2024 statistics, around 1,700 people were investigated in connection with approximately 1,100 drug-related crimes in Mongolia over the past five years. Of those, 91% were youths aged 15-35, and 58 were children under 18. Additionally, research conducted by the Drug Control Division of the General Police Department in 2024 showed that 56% of youths under 25 had some connection to drug-related crimes.

In other words, each year the issue of drug-related crimes deepens, and users are becoming younger and younger.

According to a study by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the number of drug users in low- and middle-income countries is expected to increase by 43% by 2030. The current situation in Mongolia concerning drug cases and offenses aligns with this UN study, as reported by the Anti-Drug Division of Mongolia’s General Police Department.

Furthermore, investigations into cases and suspects related to drug crimes suggest that there may be around 100,000 people using drugs in Mongolia.

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Sports

56 Volunteers to Serve at the Ulaanbaatar "Grand Slam"

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: montsame.mn

There are just three days left until the Ulaanbaatar "Grand Slam" judo competition, which will be held under the patronage of the President of Mongolia. In its third edition, the competition will see 247 judokas from 29 countries participate, and a group of 56 volunteers led by N. Anujin will be on hand. These volunteers will greet and guide the athletes, act as interpreters, and also assist with ticket sales and event organization.

The Mongolian Judo Association first hosted this event in 2009 under the name "Chinggis Khaan World Cup." After successfully organizing the World Cup for four years, Mongolia improved its status and, from 2013 to 2016, hosted the Ulaanbaatar Grand Prix for the first time. Since 2022, the event has been upgraded to the Ulaanbaatar "Grand Slam," and Mongolia is now hosting the International Judo Federation’s series for the 11th time.

The Ulaanbaatar "Grand Slam" is co-organized by the Office of the President, the Government of Mongolia, the Ministry of Culture, Sport, Tourism and Youth, the Ulaanbaatar City Mayor's Office, the International Judo Federation, the Mongolian Judo Association, the Ulaanbaatar City Development Corporation, and the National Committee for Physical Education and Sports.

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Arts

Report: Number of Domestic and Foreign Visitors to Museums Continues to Increase

Published: 2025-07-22 | Translated from: news.mn

During the Naadam festival, while the streets of the capital city were comparatively quiet and some citizens were travelling in the countryside, two major museums in the city center were overwhelmed with visitors. Foreign tourists continuously visited from the peak of the summer holidays in June until the end of July. Long queues formed at the entrances of the National Museum of Mongolia and the Chinggis Khaan National Museum, as both local and foreign visitors flocked to see the historical and cultural heritage. Mongolians accompanied by their children also preferred to spend their holidays productively by learning about their history and culture together.

NOT JUST A WALK—SHOWING AND TEACHING CHILDREN ABOUT THE NATION'S HISTORY, CULTURE, AND HERITAGE IS FAR MORE VALUABLE
Sunlight shining on the museum’s glass windows dramatised the power of Mongolia’s history, and the voices of guides at the doors invited visitors into the halls. Mothers holding their children's hands, tourists with guidebooks, and history enthusiasts all focused their gaze on exhibits that told stories of the past. Foreign tourists visit Mongolia every summer to witness the National Naadam Festival, and one of the main attractions is the Chinggis Khaan National Museum.

In just 2024, 41,872 foreign tourists visited this museum. Between March and July 18th of 2025, 4,131 foreign tourists have visited. Travelers from South Korea, Japan, the Philippines, China, the USA, and Italy have all visited the museum.

THE GOLDEN STATUE OF CHINGGIS KHAAN
The Chinggis Khaan Museum, one of the century's greatest cultural projects, remains a focal point for both international and local attention this month. The palace of the Great Khan was constructed, alongside the installation of a Golden Statue of Chinggis Khaan, the Great White State Standard, and the State Seal.

Many visitors wish to enter the Hall of Honor and pay respects before the golden statue. A number of them also request tours with their children to help them understand the exhibited items.

We spoke with citizens who had traveled with their families from Umnugovi Province specifically to visit the Chinggis Khaan National Museum:

D.Gantsetseg: I visited the Chinggis Khaan Museum for the first time after traveling from the countryside. It was very impressive. There were many unique and rare exhibits showcasing hundreds of thousands of years of history. I was able to see the golden effigy of Chinggis Khaan in the Hall of Honor. That was something I especially wanted to see. I felt proud of my homeland, its people, and our artists and craftsmen.

G.Namuun: This was my first time seeing the Chinggis Khaan Museum. It is a massive project and has become an impressive attraction for tourists from many countries. The admission fee of 30,000 Tugrik was reasonable given the wealth of sights; I certainly did not regret it. My favorite exhibit was the golden portrait of Chinggis Khaan.

We then visited the National Museum of Mongolia and spoke with N.Khandjav, one of the exhibition supervisors, about visitor numbers and museum activity.

—During the summer holidays, how many people and tourists visit the National Museum of Mongolia?
—My name is N.Khandjav. I am a supervisor at the National Museum of Mongolia and also a researcher of history and culture—so I do double duty as a guide. This summer, we had a relatively high number of tourists, although slightly lower than last year. Before Naadam, we averaged more than 600 group visitors per day, both foreign and domestic. However, during the National Holiday from July 10-13, visitor numbers dropped sharply because tourists and locals went to see the Naadam festival ceremonies. After July 17-18, numbers picked up again. Generally, all museums in Mongolia see increased tourist numbers starting May. On a typical day, we get 200-300 visitors, and last year it was over 900 per day in peak times. Summer always brings the highest demand, peaking between May and October. After that, attendance declines.

—What are the attitudes and behavior of tourists and visitors in the museum?
—From what I observe in the halls, Koreans seem quite loud and behave rather freely, recording videos and shouting inside the museum. Europeans, on the other hand, are very polite, always showing respect for staff and the exhibits. Mongolians themselves have become more cultured lately; children and youths are responsible and view the exhibits properly. However, many still try to get in for free. In our museum, admission is free for children, seniors, and people with disabilities. University students pay 10,000 Tugrik; adults, 20,000; and photography inside costs 30,000 Tugrik. All museums open for a week to the public in spring, and during that time it gets very crowded. Sometimes, people bring food and drink into the halls and make a mess.

—What measures do you take during peak periods? Are there enough guides to handle the visitors?
—During peak times, not just the hall supervisors, but all staff from administration, research, and methodology are posted in the halls, sometimes 2-3 per hall to control things.

—What exhibitions did you organize during the summer months?
—Last year, there were more than 10-20 different exhibitions, both local and international. Since this spring, we have opened five exhibitions.

As we were speaking, a group of European-looking tourists who had finished their tour approached. We asked Anna, a tourist from Italy, for her impressions:

Anna from Italy: The most interesting section of the National Museum of Mongolia was the imperial hall. Listening to two centuries of events from the Mongol Empire, which ruled half the world, was fascinating. Italy once had the Roman Empire. It was interesting to see that Atilla the Hun, from the Hunnic period, had connections to Italians. The Mongolian nomadic culture is very different from European civilizations, and the yurt amazed me. Even in this short time visiting the museum, I learned a lot about your culture.

It is clear this summer that Mongolians are choosing to spend their holidays not merely relaxing outdoors, but more productively, by deepening their knowledge of history and culture. In the museum halls, young parents with their children, elders, researchers, and travelers walked together, encountering national pride and reconnecting with their past. This has been one of the summer's most valuable scenes.

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